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Editing a gene

The removal from the embryo of a potential gene that could cause cancer has been achieved with pre-implementation genetic testing (PGT) by Dr Firuza Parikh (pictured) of FertilTree-Jaslok International Fertility Centre, reported The Times of India (ToI) of July 29, 2018. PGT helps identify genetic defects within embryos and serves to prevent certain genetic diseases or disorders from being passed on to a child.
While the doctor has successfully used PGT to help couples have children without genetic conditions such as thalassemia, the "editing” of an oncogene (the cancer-causing gene) was a first for India, she told ToI. Worldwide, "PGT has been used to keep out BRCA1 (breast cancer) and BRCA2 genes in roughly 150 cases,” Parikh said.
Thirty-seven-year-old Bangalore resident Swayam Prabha, a patient of Parikh’s, had a BRCA1 mutation. Parikh’s procedure involved transferring to the mother-to-be, with a family history of the dreaded disease, only those embryos without the BRCA1 mutation, explained the ToI report. "While two embryos were not viable, two carried the mutation and the remaining two didn’t,” according to the newspaper.
Five years ago, actor Angelina Jolie had undergone operations to remove her breasts and ovaries after being diagnosed as having both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations that heighten the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Prabha was also advised to have the operation by the doctors who were treating her earlier. When she consulted Parikh, she was advised against surgery as she had only one mutation "and there (were) chances she won’t get cancer,” said Parikh.